Czochralski Silicon Crystal Growth and Characterization
K. Daido, S. Shinoyama and N. Inoue
Review of the Electrical Communication Laboratories, "7-1-2, 33-40 (1979).
This paper describes oxidation induced stacking faults (OSF) in dislocation-free Czochralski silicon, formation mechanism and growth technique for low defect density crystals. OSF-free (less than 100/cm2) silicon crystals have been realized by flattening the growth surface and by growth rat fluctuation suppression. Quantitative relationship between OSF-density and precipitated oxygen content in silicon has been clarified. Furthermore, TEM analysis revealed that the stacking faults are nucleated at the silicon oxide precipitates during hat treatments.

Fig. 1 Swirl pattern s reveled by Dash etch. Annealing condition is at 850 oC for 3 hours in Argon atmosphere.
Fig. 2 Growth interface shape of longitudinal section and the pit density distribution. Growth interface shape was revealed by Dash etch. (a) Longitudinal section etching pattern.
(b) Etch-pit density distribution: x 106/cm2.
Fi. 3 Oxygen induced stacking fault density distribution along the growth direction.
Fig. 4 Oxidation induced stacking fault distribution on a longitudinal section.
Fig. 5 Wafer resistivity variation.
Fg. 6 Oxidation u\induced stacking fault density distribution and interstitial oxygen concentration along the growth direction. ---